Shell and projectile.



L. S. LACHMAN.

SHELL AND PROJECTILE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 1. 1915.

1,278,357. PatentedSept. 10,1918.

IN l/EN TOR laurenaeli lachman UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LAURENCE S. LACHMAN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR' '10 UNIVERSALELECTRIC I WELDING COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A'GORPORATION OF NEWYORK.

SHELL D IPBOJEGTILE.

" resident of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,have invented certain. new and useful Improvements in Shells andProjectiles, of which the followin is a specification.

y present invention relates to the manufacture of shells and projectilesparticularly of the armor-piercing type and especially the soft nose orpoint to the main body 0 the shell or projectile. 1

The object of the invention is to cheapen and quicken the production ofthese articles by improving the manner of attaching the soft metal noseor penetrating point of the shell to the hard steelbody.

Heretofore the securing of these parts has been ,a slow and expensiveoperation and owing to the difference in density or slze of the parts tobe joined as well as the necessity of maintaining the temper or qualityof the body part of the shell it has been considered practicallyimpossible to join the parts by any of the welding operations.

In accordance with this invention as has been demonstrated by actualexperiments it is possible to efiiciently attach the nose or cap to thebody or core of the shell ,or projectile by a welding operation which 15quick and at the same time does not impair or materially change thetemper or quality of the metal forming the body.

The invention consists in the improved method of manufacturing shells orprojectiles as well asin a projectile or shell having a nose or capsecured thereto by a plurality of welded rivets or pieces as herelnaftermore particularly described and then specified in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectionthrough the forward end of a shell arranged for securing the nose orpoint to the body in accordance with this invention.

Fig. 2 is a transverse section taken on the line 2-2 Fig. 1 andillustrates the shell after the securing of the nose has been completedin accordance with this invention.

Fig. 3 is a section similar to Flg. 1 and illustrates a modification inthe manner of out this invention.

1 indicates the body or core of the shell Specification of LettersPatent. Patented Sept, 10 1918 Application filed December 7, 1915.Serial No. 65,442.

' which may be of any of the types used in army or navy departments.This body or core 1s usually hollow and has a solid metal forward end '1which is of a high carbon desired number of perforations or holes 3spaced apart as desired so that at such places the surface of the metal1 is exposed. The side walls of the holes or perforations 3 may bestraight as shown in Fig. 1 or inclined as shown in Fig. 3. Into each ofthe holes 3 is inserted a metal rivet blank or block of metal 4 so thatits end seats on the periphery of the body 1 of the shell. Preferablythe rivetblank is of slightly less diameter than the hole 3 and ispreferably provided with a tapered end for the purpose of reducing itsarea of initial contact with the body and its opposite end projectssomewhat above the surface of the cap 2 at the beginning of theoperation and as shown. The portion of the mass so projecting issubstantially the same as or but slightly greater than .the total spacewithin the hole 3 not occupied by the rivet so that, as will bepresently described, when the weld is finished the end of the rivet issubstantially flush with the outer surface of the cap.

To join the cap or point 2 to the body 1 by means of the rivet blank 4,the upper end of. the blank is engaged by one of the electrodes of asuitable electric welding machine while the other electrode suppliescurrent to the body 1 in any suitable manner either by direct engagementtherewith or through the cap 2 by having the cap seat in a properlyshaped electrode. The electrode for the rivet blank is indicated bydotted lines at 5 while a suitable electrode forming the otherterminalis indicated by the dotted lines 6. Electric heating current ispassed from one electrode to the other and ressure applied to force therivet blank 4 own upon the softening of its end due to the heating ofthe current. A current of very large volume being used the heating iseffected very quickly and the weld finished in a few seconds, the actionbeing so quick that the temper of the body end 1' is not affected or atleast not to any objectionable extent. The softened rivet is forced fora slight distance into the heat softened periphery of the body 1 and theupset metal fills the cavity between the walls of the rivet and the hole3. the rivet also welding or uniting to some extent to the walls of thehole. The rivet is jammed down preferably until its outer end is flushwith the periphery of the cap 2. a finished weld being indicated at inFigs. 1 and 2. If any of the rivet pro ects eadily trimmed down.

By thus-uniting the rivet to the body 1 and also having it united to amore or less extent to the walls of the holes in the cap 2, the capiseffectively and efliciently held in place in relation to the body.

To still further quicken the welding action and secure a stronger jointthe body 1 at the place of weld may be formed with a welding projectionor section of reduced contact area for engagement by the end of therivet blank which in such case' is also preferably reduced or rounded atits welding end. At either side of said projection cavities are formedin the body-1 to receive the upset metal of the rivet and to furnish alarger area for welded union between the rivet and the body 1, thusincreasing the strength of the joint and said cavities.are of such sizethat the distance between their outer edges will substantially coincidewith the diameter of the hole or perforation 3 in the cap. To furtherfacilitate the operation said Welding projection on the body 1 ,ispreferably formed as a peripheral ridge or projection 8 as indicated inFig. 3, and to either side thereof are located the peripheral grooveswhose outer'edges coincide substantially with the edges of the hole inthe ca 2 on a diametrical line parallel with the axis of the projection.When the welding projection extends as a peripheral ridge around thebody 1, it is not necessary to locate the holes in the cap 2 and therivet 9 in any particular circumferential position upon the body inorder to bring the parts into proper position for the welding operation.This materially assists in quickening the whole operation in those caseswhere it is desired to make use of the expedient of a welding projectionupon the body for cooperation with the welding and preferably reducedend of the rivet. In this case a rivet blank 9 having a rounded endcontacting with the ridge 8 may be employed, said rounded end forming areduced area of contact for the beginning of the welding operation andthe operation of welding it being as before described.

Any suitable means for electrically welding the rivet to the body 1 tosecure the cap thereto may be employed, it merely being beyond thesurface of the cap it may be in providing the cap with a plurality ofholes about its periphery at the open end thereof, telescoping said capover the end of the body, applying rivet blanks in said holes to engagethe body with a portion of the blank projecting above the surface of thecap and welding the blank to the body, leaving its end flush with thesurface of the a cap by compressing it between suitable welding clampsor electrodes and applying current of large volume and in a manner toeffect heating and welding quickly so as not to materially affect thetemper of the body.

2. The herein described improved method of manufacturing shells orprojectiles having a high carbon steel body and an attached hollow steelcap or point consisting in providing the cap with a plurality ofperforations about its eriphery at its open end, providing upon t e bodyof the shell a projection adapted to register with each perforation andhaving cavities at opposite sides thereof to receive any upset metal,

telescoping the cap over the end of the shell body, inserting rivetblanks through the perforations into contact with said projections andwith the end of the rivet blank projecting above the surface of the cap,said rivet when so inserted having an end projecting beyond the surfaceof the cap and welding said rivet in position so that its end will beflush with the surface of the cap by means of electric current passedinto the end of the rivet by means of a pressure ap plying electrode andby the use of a very large volume of current to effect quick heating andwelding so as not to adversely affect the temper of the body.

3. The herein described improved method of manufacturing shells orprojectiles having a high carbon steel body and an attached hollow capor nose consisting in forming the shell body with a circumferentialwelding rojection and bounding cavities as descri ed, providing said capwith a plurality of perforations around its periphery, telescoping saidcap over the end of the shell body to expose the ridge through theperforations, inserting rivet blanks through said perforations intocontact with said ridge and with their outer ends projecting beyond thesurface of the cap and welding said rivet blanks in place by theapplication of pressure and a heavy heating electric current applied tothe blank and of 5 sufficiently large Volume to efl'ect the heating andWelding Without detrimental effect upon the temper of the high carbonbody.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,this 3d day of December, A. D. 1915.

LAURENCE S. LAGHMAN.

Witnesses:

LILLIE VREELAND, F. B. TOWNSEND.

